The essential and voluntary acts are integrated here to demonstrate how the Prophet (Peace be upon him) used to perform wudhu (ritual purification).
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1. Making the intention (Niyyah) to perform wudhu as an act of
sincere homage and worship for the pleasure of Allah (SWT). The intention is not to be uttered but it should be kept in mind during the wudhu.
2. Invoking Allah (SWT) at the start of the wudhu by saying “Bismillah” (In the Name of Allah).
3. Washing the hands up to the wrists three times, while rubbing them and allowing the water to reach between the fingers.
4. Rinsing the mouth with water thrice, preferably using “Miswak” – (tooth stick), toothbrush or fingers to brush the teeth and the gums.
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Regarding the importance of mistakes, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) said, “If it had not been a great burden on my Ummah, I would have ordered them to use the miswak at every wudhu.” Narrated by Imam Malik.
5. Cleaning the nostrils by sniffing water in and out three times.
6. Washing the entire face thrice using both hands from the top of the forehead down to the bottom of the chin and from ear to ear.
7. Washing the arms three times up to the upper end of the elbows, the right arm first and then the left. Arms should be rubbed while being washed.
8. Moistening both hands and passing them over the head starting from above the forehead down to the nape (the back of the head) and from there bringing the hands forward up to the forehead. Do not wet the neck.
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9. From the head, without wetting the hands again wipe the earlobes, using the forefingers to wipe the inner part of the lobes and the thumbs for the outside part.
10. Washing both feet up to the ankles three times, beginning with the right foot and the left foot. Both feet should be rubbed while they are being washed and water should freely pass between the toes.
WIPING OVER THE SOCKS
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1. If someone’s wudhu gets nullified, then it is allowed to wipe over the socks with wet hands, instead of washing both feet when renewing one’s wudhu, on the condition that the socks were put on after washing the feet in the first wudhu and before the same was nullified.
2. A traveller may avail himself of this privilege continuously for three consecutive days and nights (72 hours), but a resident may do so for only one day and one night continuously (24 hours). The period begins with the first wiping and not when one makes wudhu initially.
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HOW WIPING OVER THE SOCKS IS DONE
Wiping is done according to the traditions of the Prophet (Peace be upon him) as follows: After removing the shoes, wet hands are passed only over the upper surface of the socks without the need to wipe the bottom part (sole).
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WHEN THE WIPING PRIVILEGE CEASES OR IS FORFEITED
The wiping privilege becomes useless if one or more of the following occurs.
1. When the maximum timing allowed as discussed above end.
2. The moment the socks are removed.
3. When any of the cases requiring Ghusl (a complete bath) occur.
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