1. After the discharge of semen, as a result of stimulation whether asleep or awake, (i.e. in a wet dream). This state is known as “JUNUB” in Arabic. If no wetness is traced in one’s clothing,
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bathing is not obligatory. But, in case wetness or moistness is found without recalling any dream, ghusl becomes obligatory.
2. After sexual intercourse (or the mere coming together of the
sexual organs of the man and woman, even though there may be no actual ejaculation), ghusl is obligatory.
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3. A woman has to perform ghusl, after the menstrual period.
4. A woman has to perform ghusl, 40 days after childbirth or after child delivery.
5. When a disbeliever newly embraces Islam, he has to perform ghusl.
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6. When a Muslim dies, a ghusl is required for him/her.
HOW GHUSL IS PERFORMED
Both the essential and voluntary acts are now integrated here below to demonstrate how the Prophet (Peace be upon him) used to perform the ghusl:
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I. Intend by heart to perform ghusl – and say Bismillah.
B. Wash both hands up to the wrists three times.
C. Wash one’s sex organs.
D. Perform wudhu as usual in the manner already prescribed, except that the washing of feet would be delayed until later when the rest of the body is bathed.
E. Pour water over the head three times, massaging the hair to allow the water to reach its roots.
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F. Pour water liberally over the entire body, starting with the right side and then the left, ensuring that no part of the body is left untouched by water, including armpits, inside the earlobes, inside the navel, between fingers and toes etc.,
NOTES:
1. A woman performs ghusl just as the man does, except that if she has plaited hair, she need not undo it. She only needs to throw three handfuls of water over her head.
2. After completing the ghusl a person may recite the supplication for concluding the ghusl, which should be recited outside the bathroom/toilet, the same supplication is recited after completing the wudhu.
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3. When water is just nearby, but the person could not fetch it due to fear for his/her life, family and wealth (e.g. danger from beasts or lawless human beings in the vicinity) then, Tayammum can be performed.
4. When there is not enough water and one is forced to save what is available for drinking and/or cooking, then Tayammum is allowed.